Operators and Expressions in C++
Programming mein operators aur expressions kaafi important role play karte hain. Inki help se hum calculations, comparisons, aur logic build karte hain. Aaj hum C++ ke most important operators ko samjhenge.
Operators kya hote hain?
Operators aise symbols hote hain jo variables ya values par operations perform karte hain. Jaise +, -, ==, &&, etc.
Ek expression woh hota hai jisme values aur operators milke kuch result produce karte hain.
1. Arithmetic Operators
Yeh basic mathematical operations ke liye use hote hain:
Operator Meaning Example (a = 10, b = 13)
+ Addition a + b → 13
- Subtraction a - b → 7
* Multiplication a * b → 30
/ Division a / b → 3
% Modulus (remainder) a % b → 1
2. Relational Operators
Ye comparison ke liye use hote hain. Output hota hai true (1) ya false (0).
Operator Meaning Example
== Equal to a == b
!= Not equal to a != b
> Greater than a > b
< Less than a < b
>= Greater than or equal a >= b
<= Less than or equal a <= b
3. Logical Operators
Operator Name Use Case
&& Logical AND Dono condition true ho toh true.
|| Logical OR Dono mein se koi bhi ek true ho toh.
! NOT True ko false aur false ko true banata hai.
if (age > 18 && isStudent) {
cout << "Eligible for student pass!";
}
4. Operator Precedence & Associativity
Jab multiple operators ek saath use hote hain, toh precedence decide karta hai kaunsa operator pehle chalega. Associativity batata hai kis direction mein operation hoga – left to right ya right to left.
Example:
int result = 10 + 5 * 2; // Output: 20
Yahan * ki precedence + se zyada hai, toh pehle 5*2 hoga → 10, phir 10+10 = 20
Precedence Order (High to Low):
()– Brackets* / %+ -- Relational
> < >= <= - Equality
== != - Logical
&& ||
5. Type Casting
Kabhi-kabhi hume ek data type ko doosre mein convert karna padta hai – ise Type Casting kehte hain.
Implicit Casting (Automatically):
int a = 5;
float b = a; // int → float automatically
Explicit Casting (Manually):
float a = 5.6;
int b = (int)a; // Now b = 5
Isse value ka type toh change hota hai, lekin kuch data (jaise decimal) lost ho sakta hai.
Conclusion
So guys in this blog we've learned:
- Arithmetic, Relational, Logical operators
- Precedence and associativity ka matlab
- Type casting kaise aur kyu use hoti hai
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